When managing a hypoglycemic patient, what should be done if IV access is unavailable?

In cases of hypoglycemia where intravenous access is not available, administering glucagon intramuscularly is the recommended approach. Glucagon acts by stimulating the liver to release glycogen stores, thereby increasing blood glucose levels. This is particularly effective because it provides a rapidly available source of glucose without the need for venous access.

The other options, while they may seem plausible, present limitations. Administering oral medication is not suitable if the patient is unconscious or unable to swallow safely—this could pose a risk of aspiration. Offering sugary snacks may also not be effective for the same reasons; if the patient cannot safely ingest food due to altered mental status or inability to swallow, this would not resolve the hypoglycemic state quickly. Waiting for paramedic support means delaying treatment, which could lead to worsening of the patient’s condition, making it critical to take action promptly when facing a hypoglycemic emergency. Thus, using glucagon intramuscularly effectively addresses the immediate need for glucose elevation in a patient unable to access intravenous therapy.